1. Introduction to a Graphical User Interface

• In programming, just writing code is not enough.

• It is not enough for it to work; it must also be attractive to the user.

• Text-based interfaces work, but they are limited and outdated.

• Motivated by this, it is necessary to create graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

• GUIs can be found in different places:

  • In computer programs, for example, a well-known one is the Office program. These interfaces can be called desktop interfaces.

  • We can also find interfaces that are seen within the browser, such as the Facebook page. These interfaces can be called web interfaces.

  • Finally, we find interfaces in applications for our smartphones, an example being the Whatsapp application, representing mobile interfaces.

• In Python, there are different tools and libraries for creating interfaces, including the well-known tkinter and PyQt libraries for creating desktop interfaces.

• Since our goal is to create interfaces within the browser, we will use brython again.

• Brython allows the creation of simple graphical interfaces through its syntax.

• In this exercise, we will create the Zombie Quiz Show.

1.1. Zombie Quiz Show

• It is a game with different options.

• Option 1 is for the correct answer and Option 2 is for the incorrect answer.

• The program will have a sound effect for each answer.

• The program must keep track of how many correct and incorrect answers there were.

• Finally, press 0 to finish.

1.2. Playing Audio

• Let’s start by creating the logic for playing audio.

• There are various ways to do this; one option might be to use the pygame library, among others.

• Again, we will use the Brython module.

• The code below generates an HTML element called audio.

• On this page, you can obtain free sounds that you can use in the program.

  • You just need to copy and paste the url of the sound you like.

from browser import document, html url_audio = "" # Add a link of an audio to play it print("Creating the audio element") document <= html.AUDIO(id="audio", src=url_audio, controls=True)

• You noticed that the audio element with controls to play and stop it was created.

• You can add as many sounds as you want.

• But how do I handle when the sound is played and stopped through the program?

  • Let’s link events to achieve it.

from browser import document, html, timer def create_element(url_audio, audio_name): print(f"Creating the audio element {url_audio}") document <= html.AUDIO(id=audio_name, src=url_audio) # Function to play the audio def play_audio(element): document[element].play() # Function to pause the audio def pause_audio(element): document[element].pause() # Bell sound create_element("https://bigsoundbank.com/UPLOAD/ogg/0001.ogg", "audio_1") # Knock sound create_element("https://bigsoundbank.com/UPLOAD/ogg/0005.ogg", "audio_2") # Start the audios play_audio("audio_1") play_audio("audio_2") # Plays only 10 seconds of the audio, then stops timer.set_timeout(pause_audio, 10000, "audio_1") # Plays only 5 seconds of the audio, then stops timer.set_timeout(pause_audio, 5000, "audio_2")

• The sounds are playing very well.

• Now that audio is working, let’s create the Zombie Quiz Show!

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